Formal education in Africa begins early and decisively in Ancient Egypt. By the third millennium BCE, Egypt maintained schools for scribes trained in reading, writing, mathematics, law, and ...

Federal sentencing for fraud and theft offenses has long been dominated by a single metric: monetary loss. Section 2B1.1 of ...

On the criteria that matter to medicine—not later industrial power— Africa led . Medicine does not exist in isolation. It depends on cities, sanitation, governance, and trade. Africa’s medical ...

Attorney Saul Hofileña Jr.’s Counting Filipinos is a critical examination of how numbers and statistics hold a deeper meaning ...

Department of Justice (DOJ)’s revised Corporate Enforcement Policy (May 2025) expands incentives for voluntary self-disclosure and clarifies ...

The Islamic Republic is a clerical–military–economic oligarchy with a multilayered system of governance: the Supreme Leader’s ...

Over the past five years, numerous articles have called for increased U.S. defense resources focused on the Arctic. This is a ...

Distillate Capital notes that US equities are historically expensive, with market gains driven by valuation expansion. Read the 2025 Q4 letter for analysis.

The prestigious economist and Central Bank’s former Economic Research Director, Dr Nimal Sanderatne has ventured into ...

“Chinese-style modernization presents itself as a possible alternative path to the Western capitalist model, especially ...