Find out why the fundamental building blocks of engineering in 2026 are mathematics and physics. Examine their fundamental ...

Google researchers introduce ‘Internal RL,’ a technique that steers an models' hidden activations to solve long-horizon tasks ...

1 Economic and Technical Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company, Xi’an, China 2 Shaanxi Local Electric Power (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China Accurate prediction of goaf ...

Abstract: This article analyzes the stability of probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) with switching discrete probability distribution (DPD). First, the dynamics of PBNs with switching DPD is ...

The mean, also known as the expected value, of a discrete probability distribution is a fundamental concept in statistics and probability theory. It represents the average outcome you would expect if ...

In statistics, the expected value of a random variable is a measure of the central tendency of its probability distribution. In simple terms, it gives you an idea of what value you should expect to ...

Probability distribution is an essential concept in statistics, helping us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment. Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional ...

1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung. 2 Department of Civil Engineering & Research Center for Hazard Mitigation and Prevention, National ...