How we communicate via today's modern technologies may be more important than ever, but do old theories of mass communication still apply? The four functions of mass communications are: surveillance, ...

Enzymes help with specific functions that are vital to the operation and overall health of the human body. They help speed up chemical reactions and are essential for respiration, digestion, muscle ...

In mammals and other eukaryotes most of the genome is transcribed in a developmentally regulated manner to produce large numbers of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here we review the rapidly advancing ...

The divergence of new genes and proteins occurs through mutations that modulate protein function. The effects of these mutations are pleiotropic, thus imposing trade-offs between selection pressures ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a leading consumer economics subject matter expert, researcher, and ...