Pro-forma earnings are financial statements with hypothetical estimates that provide a "picture" of a company's profits if certain nonrecurring items are excluded. They may allow companies to ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Investors need to be aware of the signs of financial statement manipulation by a company when evaluating its stock.