Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

From adaptive brain stimulators to self-monitoring orthopedic implants, researchers are building intelligent medical devices that sense, decide, and treat, closing the loop between diagnosis and ...

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), England’s cost-effectiveness watchdog, has finalized a draft guidance regarding hybrid closed-loop systems, concluding that the technology ...

Closed-loop insulin delivery systems, designed to automate aspects of diabetes management in children and teenagers, yielded significantly higher blood glucose time in range for children with type 1 ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...